Fresh demographic numbers from the U.S. Census Bureau paint a sobering picture for New Mexico. Data showed more counties are shrinking than growing, as deaths outpaced births and more people leave than arrive.
Covering the period between 2024 and 2025, data show that the majority of the state’s 33 counties recorded population declines, highlighting that a demographic shift has been quietly unfolding across the American Southwest.
Bernalillo County — home to Albuquerque — lies at the center of this trend. The county recorded the largest drop in absolute numbers. But it remains the state’s most populous county with 673,930 population.
Other counties, including Curry County, McKinley County, Santa Fe County, and Chaves County, also reported population declines. The recorded declines in these counties underscore that the trend cuts across both rural and semi-urban areas.
A slow-burning demographic shift
Behind the numbers, migration and natural change, like births and deaths, are reshaping the state’s population. Census data show that more people are moving out of New Mexico than moving in. This pattern is known as net domestic outmigration. At the same time, the state is experiencing a natural decrease — deaths exceed births.
Population loss is not unique to New Mexico. According to USAFacts, the state’s population declined by 1,300 between 2024 and 2025. New Mexico is one of five states to lose population. Its effects, however, are more pronounced in smaller states and rural regions, where even modest declines ripple through the local economies, particularly impacting school enrollments and labor supply.
Pockets of growth
Still, the data is not uniformly negative. For instance, San Juan County posted the largest population gain, while Valencia County saw the fastest percentage increase. But these gains remain uneven and not enough to offset broader losses across the state.
The latest numbers suggest that New Mexico is entering a period of demographic transition. Growth can no longer be assumed, and the balance between staying and leaving is tilting towards population decline.